Endovenous treatments include endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), radiofrequency frequency ablation (RFA) and more recently cyanoacrylate glue catherization (CAC). ELVA, RFA and CAC are all catheter-based systems where the diseased vein (GSV and/or SSV) is cannulated distally. A treatment catheter is passed along the length of the target vein, commonly under ultrasound guidance, and the treatment is delivered from within the lumen of the diseased vein. The advantages of these systems are that they do not require a general anaesthetic and can be done under local anaesthetic in an ambulatory setting. Sclerotherapy is the process of injecting a sclerosing agent to irritate the venous endothelium resulting in vein ablation.
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